Exploring the brain network: A review on resting-state fMRI functional connectivity
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چکیده
4 アブストラクト 我々の脳はネットワークである.脳は空間的に区分された構造で成り立っているが,お互いに連続的に情報の 共有をする領域間で機能的に結合している.興味深いことに,近年の脳機能イメージングデータ解析の発展によっ て,脳の機能的結合の調査が促進している.機能的結合は構造的に解離している領域の神経活動パターンの時間 的依存と定義され,脳領域間のレスティングステイト fMRIにおける協調した活動のレベルを計測することによっ て機能的結合の研究が増加してきた.これらの先行研究によって,特定領域と局所ネットワークの機能的結合に ついてや脳ネットワークにおける機能的連絡の全体的な構成についての新たな知見が発見された.本稿では,新 たな解析手法の紹介とこれらのイメージング技術の概要を提示しながら,人間の脳のコアとなる新たな見識がど のように導かれたのかを議論する.どのように脳ネットワークの機能的結合と構造的結合が関係するのか,どの ように機能的連絡が認知パフォーマンスのキーを形成するのかについて決定する,無意識的なレスティングステ イト fMRIの方法についてに記す.また,機能的脳ネットワークの全体的な構成に焦点をあてたグラフ理論を用い た機能的結合パターンの解析について論じる.特に,アルツハイマー病や認知症,統合失調症,多発性硬化症の ような機能結合による新たな指標について記す.
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